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Development of X-ray imaging technology and structural analysis of materials using ORCA®-Quest 2
Published on December 10, 2025
At the International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS) of Tohoku University, cutting-edge imaging technologies are being developed by leveraging the next-generation synchrotron radiation facility “NanoTerasu.” The X-ray imaging system installed in the center’s “Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab” employs our ORCA-Quest 2 qCMOS camera as its detector.
Dr. Wataru Yashiro, a member of the Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab, has integrated the ORCA-Quest 2 qCMOS camera into the NanoTerasu beamline to conduct a variety of experiments. We interviewed Dr. Yashiro to learn more about his research, the outcomes achieved through the adoption of ORCA-Quest 2, and the future of his research.
Current research
－ Could you tell us about your research?
At the Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab of the SRIS at Tohoku University, we conduct research under the theme of “Pioneering the Frontier of the 4D World” using state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation technologies. Recently, our focus has been on developing 4D X-ray CT with millisecond time resolution, X-ray elastography, and integrated techniques that combine X-ray imaging with structural analysis. A constant challenge in all these areas is how to acquire highly detailed images.
Obtaining high-resolution images is truly an “endless pursuit.” To achieve advanced imaging, it is essential to develop the underlying technologies that support imaging itself. Therefore, our efforts are not limited to imaging techniques alone—we also work on the research and development of fundamental technologies such as optical components and systems that form the basis of imaging.
Challenges in synchrotron radiation imaging
－ What are the challenges in advancing synchrotron radiation imaging research?
In high-speed X-ray imaging, the challenge lies in achieving even faster acquisition speeds, whereas in cases where speed is not critical, the focus shifts to achieving higher resolution. Each development path presents its own set of challenges. Focusing on high-resolution X-ray imaging, where we use Hamamatsu Photonics' cameras, one key issue is that increasing spatial resolution inevitably narrows the field of view. While higher spatial resolution enables the identification of fine structures, it also requires reducing the size of the object being observed. The reverse is also true: if we could image larger objects at high resolution, the scope of observation would naturally expand, providing a foundation for diverse academic and industrial applications. However, these performance factors are inherently in a trade-off relationship, which makes this a persistent challenge from an imaging perspective.
Of course, image quality is influenced not only by the camera but also by the X-ray source and optical systems. Therefore, it is essential to take a comprehensive approach when addressing these challenges.
Decisive factor for introducing the ORCA-Quest 2
－ Could you tell us about the decisive factor for introducing the ORCA-Quest 2?
When the need arose for high-resolution X-ray imaging, most of the cameras available in our laboratory were optimized for relatively high-speed imaging. Therefore, we began searching for a camera capable of long-duration imaging with high resolution and high sensitivity. Since we had an existing relationship with your company through optical systems, we consulted with you, and the solution you proposed was the ORCA-Quest 2.
Results and improvements after introducing ORCA-Quest 2
－ What benefits have you experienced from using ORCA-Quest 2?
The camera’s pixel count, wide field of view, and 4K high resolution are particularly appealing. When pixel size decreases, the number of photons captured also decreases, resulting in darker images. ORCA-Quest 2 compensates for this with excellent resolution and signal-to-noise performance. In fact, when we started using it, the sensitivity was so high that we needed to adjust it to balance with the X-ray source.
High-resolution X-ray imaging cannot be achieved by simply using a high-resolution camera. It also depends on how well the wavefront phases of the light from the source are aligned—in other words, how coherent the light is. This requires a high-brightness source that provides high spatial coherence and allows efficient utilization of that coherence. To take advantage of spatial coherence, a camera must accurately record interference patterns at high resolution. Conversely, even if a camera has high spatial resolution, low spatial coherence from the X-ray source makes interference-based imaging difficult. Only by combining a high-brightness source with a high-resolution camera can we achieve precise structural analysis that leverages interference.
ORCA-Quest 2 offers the high spatial resolution needed to fully utilize highly coherent X-rays, and as mentioned earlier, its performance goes beyond spatial resolution alone. We truly feel that it is the ideal camera for the high-resolution X-ray imaging we aim to achieve, and it meets the performance requirements we were looking for. While image processing techniques can enhance image quality, ORCA-Quest 2 captures natural phenomena that would normally be lost with conventional cameras—making it, in a sense, a “pure camera,” which leaves a very positive impression.
Currently, ORCA-Quest 2 is being used in ongoing experiments, so we cannot share images from it. Instead, we are presenting images captured with another camera from the ORCA series, the ORCA-Flash4.0 V3. These images reveal the intricate network of vessels that deliver nutrients throughout the fruit. By imaging several different cherry varieties, we discovered that the arrangement of these vessels varies by cultivar.
This knowledge is expected to contribute to improving cultivars for efficient nutrient delivery, as well as registering DNA and structural information for patenting premium varieties.
Courtesy of Wataru Yashiro, International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University
This may be closer to a request rather than an improvement, but, if possible, we would like to see a wider field of view while maintaining the current high resolution and sensitivity. As mentioned earlier, a broader field of view would allow us to image larger objects, which in turn expands the range of research targets. Increasing the scope of what can be imaged means taking one step closer to solving the mysteries of the natural world. We conduct our research with a strong sense of mission to contribute to society in this way, so we would greatly appreciate your support through advancements in research instruments and technologies.
Future research outlook
－ Could you tell us about your future research prospects?
Our ultimate goal is to achieve “the world’s highest-sensitivity imaging and capture the most beautiful images in the world.” There are several approaches to high-resolution X-ray imaging, and currently, the two mainstream methods worldwide are the diffraction grating interferometry method and the propagation-based method. Both have the potential to deliver the highest sensitivity imaging, but we believe there is still room for improvement. To fully realize this goal, we ultimately aim to acquire X-ray holography, which involves directly capturing, recording, and visualizing phase information. We plan to continue developing technologies toward this objective.
As these technologies advance and enable the acquisition of more information, previously unseen details will become visible, paving the way for progress in data science. For example, identifying factors that determine the strength of concrete or metal could lead to the development of stronger materials. Similarly, distinguishing plant varieties at the structural level could support breeding improvements and species preservation. Through science, we aim to protect and nurture the resources of our world, contributing to the advancement of various industries.
We hope your company will continue to provide cameras with unmatched performance to support our ongoing challenges.
Researcher profile
Wataru Yashiro
International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University
2000 Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Ph.D. in Engineering
2000 The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2001 The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2004 The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2004 Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Assistant Professor
2012 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Associate Professor
2020 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Visiting Associate Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2021 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2021 Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2022 Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Designated Visiting Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2025 Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
*The content presented on this page is based on an interview conducted in September 2025.
Related product
The ORCA-Quest 2 is a new qCMOS® camera, the successor to the ORCA-Quest with further advances such as faster readout speeds in extremely low-noise scan mode and increased sensitivity in the ultraviolet region.
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